Outline is a powerful, full featured note-taker for iPad and Mac OS X, perfect for students, teachers, physicians, lawyers, executives and everyone who needs to sketch ideas, organize notes, annotate documents, keep any kind of journals. Ex: Gleason pattern 3=96% and pattern 4=4%, Gleason score=3+3=6 with minor (tertiary) 4 Ex: Gleason pattern 3=95% and pattern 4=5%, Gleason score=3+4=7 In needle biopsy: The most prevalent pattern is graded as primary and any amount of a worst pattern is graded as secondary Ex: Gleason pattern 3=96% and pattern 4=4%, Gleason score=3+4=7.
The guidelines from the American Psychological Association (APA) are used for writing papers and doing assignments in the social sciences. The standard APA format provides guidelines for research papers from the initial title page to the final works cited page. The APA even provides format examples for outlines to be prepared before the paper is written.
Understanding the APA Outline Format
When you look at the basic APA outline format example below, you will see that:
Roman numerals are used for the main headings in your outline.
Capital letters are used for the first level of subheadings.
Arab numerals (1-9 type numbers) are used inside those subheadings.
Macpilot 11 0 6 mac free download. Lower-case letters are used below Arab numeral subheadings.
Arab numerals in parentheses are used below those subheadings.
The full sentence outline follows exactly the same format. The only difference is that you will write a full sentence, rather than a sentence fragment, at each level of the outline.
The APA decimal outline is a rarer format, but by no means unknown. It's the simplest of the bunch. Just break your headings into paragraphs and number them using Arab numerals. The first number indicates the heading, the second number indicates the paragraph, and the third number indicates the point being made.
The first heading is numbered 1.0.
The first paragraph in the first heading is 1.1.
The first point or sentence of your first paragraph is 1.1.1.
The second sentence is 1.1.2.
The second sentence of your second paragraph is 1.2.2.
As you move on to the second heading, you progress to 2.0.
The first sentence in the first paragraph under your second heading is indicated as 2.1.1.
Your professor should tell you which format they want you to use. If you don't know, ask!
Three Ways to Outline
The best way to gain an understanding of the three distinct forms of the APA outline format is to look at examples. We've provided one example of each:
APA basic outline
Full sentence format
Decimal outline format
Note that the first example is a full-scale outline pattern for you to follow. The other two demonstrate the differences between the APA basic format and the full sentence and decimal outline formats. Always ask your instructor which format they prefer.
APA Basic Outline: College Application Process
The following outline on the college application process illustrates the APA basic outline format. We've also created a downloadable PDF of all three approaches to APA outlines available at the end of this section. Just download and use it as a template, starting at the first Roman numeral.
I. Choose Desired Colleges
A. Visit and evaluate college websites
Identify tour dates and interesting on-campus events.
Student/faculty ratio
Retention rate
Note important statistics
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B. Visit and evaluate college campuses
Take tour
Meet with heads of departments
On- and off-campus housing
Recreation (restaurants, sports, and music venues)
Explore area around campus
II. Prepare Application
A. Write a personal statement
Choose an interesting topic
Describe an influential person in your life
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Grandparent
2. Include important personal details
Dark mode for safari 1 2 0. Volunteer work
Participation in varsity sports
B. Revise personal statement
III. Compile resume
A. List relevant coursework
B. List work experience
C. List volunteer experience
10 11 4 download. Tutor at foreign language summer camp
Volunteer at suicide prevention hotline
APA Full Sentence Format: Greenhouse Gas Essay
As noted above, the only difference between APA basic and a full-sentence outline is that the headings are in full sentences. Again, just start at the first Roman numeral for an APA-compliant full-sentence essay outline.
I. Man-made pollution is the primary cause of global warming.
A. Greenhouse gas emissions are widely identified by the scientific community to be harmful. Drmare tidal music converter 1 1 0 m.
1. The burning of coal and fossil fuels are the primary releasers of hazardous greenhouse gases.
1. The burning of coal and fossil fuels are the primary releasers of hazardous greenhouse gases.
2. Harmful greenhouse gases include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide.
Decimal Outline Format: College Selection
Decimal outlines differ from other APA-compliant formats only in their numbering system. Follow that and you're set. Start at 1.0.
1.0 Choose Desired College
1.1 Visit and evaluate college campuses
1.2 Visit and evaluate college websites
1.2.1 Look for interesting classes
1.2.2 Note important statistics
View & Download PDF
More Tips on Creating an Outline
A well-written outline is a valuable tool in crafting the best possible research paper. By building an outline, you establish a structure for what you will say and how you say it. Here are a few tips on creating a great outline:
Coordination: Coordinating your headings is vital to a well-organized outline. Coordination means that each of your headings has the same amount of significance. That rule also applies to subheadings. If you find one of your headings is of less importance than another, try to incorporate it into a subheading instead.
Outline 3 6 2 X 4
Division: Division is the simple rule of keeping your outline sections specific and splitting things up rather than letting them grow verbose. Make sure every subheading serves its heading. If it doesn't, put it elsewhere or delete it.
Parallelism: Parallelism refers to keeping a consistent structure between headings and subheadings. Use parallelism to keep your outline organized and your writing on topic. If you start each heading with a verb, for example, then all your headings and subheadings should start with a verb.
Subordination: Subordination is the relationship between the headings and subheadings. Use subordination to keep your headings and subheadings in the right order. Headings should start out general, with subheadings growing more and more specific the deeper they go.
Outlines Are Here to Help
After laying out all these specific guidelines, it may seem like the outline for a paper will be as much work as the paper itself. Not so. By using this structure, you establish a backbone for your paper. From there, all you need to do is build out. It makes the writing process much easier and produces a better result. Bibliography.com offers further guidelines on basic APA citation format.
For more help with formatting, particularly in other disciplines or contexts, take a look at our examples of MLA format and University of Chicago format. Be sure to stick with the style guide your instructor prefers.
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- Gleason score is the sum of the two most prevalent Gleason grades: primary and secondary, designated according to separate rules for biopsy and prostatectomy
- If only one pattern is present, the primary and secondary patterns are given the same grade (ex: 3+3=6)
- Systematic needle biopsy sets contain cores from different anatomically designated sites
- Gleason score should be assigned separately for each anatomically designated site
- Highest score may serve as a basis to determine treatment
- Additional reporting of a global (case level) Gleason score is optional (2019 consensus) and global scoring may show a marginal benefit over using highest score according to Trpkov et al. (Am J Surg Pathol 2018;42:1522)
- Any glands showing perineural invasion must be excluded in assigning Gleason grading because perineural invasion distorts gland morphology such that Gleason 3 glands resemble Gleason 4
- Grading rules:
- Recommendations are based on three International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grading consensus conferences: in 2005 (Am J Surg Pathol 2005;29:1228; reviewed, J Urol 2010;183:433), 2014 and 2019 (Nice, France; publication pending)
- Some specimens may show a pattern that is the third most prevalent; this is called a minor pattern
- In radical prostatectomy:
- Gleason score should be based on the primary and secondary patterns; if a minor pattern constitutes < 5%, the pattern should be mentioned as a minor (tertiary) pattern (Eur Urol 2018;73:674); any higher grade minor pattern ≥ 5% should be incorporated into the Gleason score and ISUP group as the secondary pattern (2019 consensus)
- Ex: Gleason pattern 3=96% and pattern 4=4%, Gleason score=3+3=6 with minor (tertiary) 4
- Ex: Gleason pattern 3=95% and pattern 4=5%, Gleason score=3+4=7
- In needle biopsy:
- The most prevalent pattern is graded as primary and any amount of a worst pattern is graded as secondary
- Ex: Gleason pattern 3=96% and pattern 4=4%, Gleason score=3+4=7
- Ex: Gleason pattern 3=95% and pattern 4=5%, Gleason score=3+4=7
- For multiparametric MRI targeted biopsies: Gleason scores should be given for the aggregate of cores from each individual biopsy site but not for each core (2019 consensus); this method of reporting is by research by Gordetsky et al. (Hum Pathol 2018;76:68); benign histologic changes (chronic inflammation, acute inflammation, atrophy) should be reported in high suspicion lesions (PI-RADS 4 and 5) that are negative for cancer (2019 consensus)
